A recent study has shown that electric vehicle (EV) batteries now outperform most gasoline-powered cars when it comes to lifespan. For many consumers considering the switch to EVs, EV battery lifespan has been a key concern. But fresh insights from over 10,000 vehicles suggest the concern may no longer be justified.
EV batteries degrade slowly—but steadily
Back in 2019, EV batteries were degrading at an average of 2.3% per year. In 2024, the updated analysis shows that rate has improved to just 1.8%. This significant improvement highlights how much battery technology has advanced in only a few years. At this rate, EV battery lifespan could exceed 20 years—longer than many gas vehicles stay on the road.
EVs hold range longer than expected
It’s a known fact that battery degradation causes EVs to lose range over time. However, with an average degradation of only 1.8% annually, most electric cars retain useful range for over a decade, making them ideal for long-term ownership or fleet operations.
What causes EV battery degradation?
Multiple factors impact how fast an EV battery loses capacity:
- Age: All batteries degrade with time.
- Temperature: Hot or cold weather accelerates wear.
- Charging habits: Frequent DC fast charging increases degradation.
- State of charge: Keeping the battery between 20% and 80% helps.
Battery chemistry and management: Some chemistries last longer, and thermal systems matter. Modern EVs are designed with advanced thermal and charge control systems to help batteries last longer.
Why make and model matter
Not all EVs age the same. The study showed that cooling methods have a significant impact. For instance, the Tesla Model S with liquid cooling degraded at 2.3% annually, while the Nissan Leaf with passive air cooling degraded at 4.2%. Thermal design is key to slowing battery wear.
Understanding EV battery health and SOH
Battery degradation reduces how much energy the battery can store. This is known as the state of health (SOH). A 60 kWh battery with 90% SOH behaves like a 54 kWh battery. While power output usually stays stable, usable range decreases over time.
Is degradation linear over time?
Not exactly. Batteries typically experience a slight early drop, then degrade slowly for years, followed by a steeper drop at the end. This predictable curve allows owners to plan for long-term usage and replacement.
Heat is the silent battery killer
Vehicles in hot climates degrade faster. For example, an EV in Arizona may lose capacity quicker than the same model in Norway. High temperatures accelerate chemical breakdown in lithium-ion cells.
Does daily use harm the battery?
Surprisingly, high-use vehicles don’t show significantly faster degradation. As long as charging is managed well, frequent driving won’t harm the battery. In fact, letting an EV sit unused can be worse in some cases.
Charging habits make a difference
Using Level 1 or Level 2 charging has minimal impact, but frequent use of DC fast charging leads to faster battery aging—especially in hot climates. Many automakers recommend limiting fast charging for longevity.
The state of charge buffer protects the battery
EVs have software buffers to prevent full or empty charge extremes. This buffer extends battery life and is adjustable in some models, like Tesla. Setting charge limits to 75–80% for daily use can slow long-term degradation.
What about the 12-volt battery?
In addition to the main battery, EVs also have a smaller 12-volt battery that powers systems like lights and electronics. It should be maintained regularly, just like in gasoline cars.
What happens when an EV battery dies?
When it can no longer hold a useful charge, an EV battery may need replacing. Fortunately, many EVs are built to last well beyond 10 years, and manufacturers are investing in recycling programs.
How to extend your EV battery lifespan
- Park in moderate temperatures.
- Avoid fast charging unless necessary.
- Maintain a charge between 20% and 80%.
- Keep the vehicle in regular use.
Monitor battery data using telematics systems. With the right habits, EV batteries can outperform expectations—and gasoline engines.
The Geotab battery degradation tool
Geotab’s EV Battery Degradation Tool leverages real-world data to monitor EV battery performance by model and year. Although the current dataset only includes information up to 2019, it remains a valuable resource for fleet operators assessing long-term EV performance. You can explore the tool and its insights directly at Geotab UK.
The big picture: EV batteries are built to last
With a 1.8% yearly degradation rate and better thermal systems, EV batteries are proving more durable than internal combustion engines. As battery technology improves, EV battery lifespan will only continue to increase—offering long-term value for individuals and fleets alike.
